On November 25, 2020, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) published in the Federal Register a notice of two ratification documents regarding a number of previous actions by DHS. The ratifications are intended to provide the public with certainty, by resolving any potential defect in the validity of those actions. : The ratification documents were signed on November 16, 2020 and relate back to the original date of each action ratified.  DHS, through its Acting Secretary, is ratifying a number of previous actions by the Acting Secretary and by former Acting Secretary Kevin K. McAleenan, and one previous action by U. S. Citizenship and Immigration Services Deputy Director for Policy Joseph Edlow. The Department continues to maintain that the November 8, 2019, succession order designating Chad Wolf as Acting Secretary is valid and that Acting Secretary Wolf had the authority to take the actions being ratified in the attached appendix. And the Department continues to maintain that the April 9, 2019, succession order designating Kevin K. McAleenan as Acting Secretary was valid and that Acting Secretary McAleenan had the authority to take the actions being ratified in the appendix.